nginxのインストール・設定・運用

最終更新日: 2023/12/23

nginxのインストール

dnf install nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx

nginxのconfigの編集

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
を
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.org
とオリジナルファイルとしてコピー退避させてから編集する

cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.org

オリジナルのconfigの中身

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        location / {
#        }
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}

Let’s encryptでSSL証明書を無料で使えるようにする

wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto;
chmod a+x certbot-auto;
mv -f ./certbot-auto /usr/local/bin/;

それから例としてexample.comを追加するのなら

DOMAIN=example.com;
certbot-auto run --nginx -d $DOMAIN;

必要なドメインの数の分する。
そうすると以下のようなconfig定義が/etc/nginx/nginx.confに追記される。

    server {
    server_name example.com; # managed by Certbot
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    

    listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on; # managed by Certbot
    listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot

}

    server {
    if ($host = example.com) {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    } # managed by Certbot


        listen       80 ;
        listen       [::]:80 ;
    server_name example.com;
    return 404; # managed by Certbot


}

Basic認証の追加

内部の開発・デモ環境にアクセス制限をかけたい場合には

htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd $USERNAME

と打ち、生成された/etc/nginx/.htpasswdをnginx.confの中で

    location / {
        auth_basic "Restricted";                   # 認証時に表示されるメッセージ
        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd; # .htpasswdファイルのパス
    }

と読み込ませる事で、制限をかける

configを変更したら

systemctl restart nginx

といった形で、nginxを再起動して変更を反映する。